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The Javanese script, natively known as ''Aksara Jawa'' () and ''Hanacaraka'' (), is an abugida developed by the Javanese people to write several Austronesian languages spoken in Indonesia, primarily the Javanese language and an early form of Javanese called Kawi, as well as Sanskrit, an Indo-Aryan language used as a sacred language throughout Asia. The Javanese script is a descendant of the Brahmi script and therefore has many similarities with the modern scripts of South and Southeast Asia. The Javanese script, along with the Balinese script, is considered the most elaborate and ornate among Brahmic scripts of Southeast Asia.〔Kuipers, Joel (2003). (''Indic Scripts of Insular Southeast Asia: Changing Structures and Functions'' ). Tokyo: Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.〕 The script was widely used by the court scribes of Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands. Numerous efforts to standardize the script were made in the late 19th to early 20th-century, with the invention of the script's first metal type and the development of concise orthographic guidelines. However, further development was halted abruptly following World War II〔''Javaans Schrift. (Semaian 8)'', W. van der Molen. Review by: RAECHELLE RUBINSTEIN. Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. Deel 150, 1ste Afl. (1994) , pp. 243-244. Published by: KITLV, Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies. 〕 and especially during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies in which its use was prohibited and the script's use has since declined. Today, everyday use of the Javanese script has been largely supplanted by the Latin alphabet.〔Everson, Michael (2008). (''Proposal for encoding the Javanese script in the UCS'' )〕〔Soebadyo, Haryati (2002) ''Indonesian Heritage 10: Bahasa dan Sastra''. Jakarta: Buku Anak Bangsa - Grolier International. ISBN 979-8926-23-4〕〔Leinster, Troy (2012). (''Nieuw Javaansch No.1'' ). The Hague〕 ==Characteristics== There are a total of 53 letters in the Javanese script, but the number of represented phonemes (sounds ) varies accordingly to the language being written. Each letter represents a syllable, with an inherent vowel or , which changes depending on the diacritics around the letter. Each consonant has a conjunct form called ''pasangan'' which nullifies the inherent vowel of the previous syllable.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Javanese Script Description )〕 In the word ''aksara'' for example, the inherent vowel of the letter ka is nullified by the use of ''pasangan'' in the following letter. Punctuation includes the comma, period, colon, and quotation marks, as well as several decorative marks indicating poetic chapter and denoting rank in correspondence.〔Daniels, Peter T; Bright, William. ''The World's Writing Systems''. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.〕 Text is written from left to right and without word boundaries (''Scriptio continua'').〔Soemarmo, Marmo (1995). ''Javanese Script''. Ohio Working Papers in Linguistics and Language Teaching 14. 69-103.〕 Many of the letters are constructed from visually similar components, most notably n-shaped 'hills' and u-shaped 'valleys', arranged in different sequences. There are only a few components unique to certain characters and even fewer letters that are truly unique, resulting in a very uniform-looking script. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Javanese script」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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